MGH Guides: Physician Assistant Studies: Physician Assistant History

Henry Lee "Buddy" Treadwell (right), assistant to Dr. Amos Johnson, a precurser to a physician assistant

Origins of the physician assistant movement in the United States
Cawley, J.F., Cawthon, E., & Hooker, R.S. (2012). Origins of the physician assistant movement in the United States. JAAPA, 25(12), 36-42.
People v Whittaker: the trial and its aftermath in California
Carter, R., Thompson, A., & Stanhope, B. (2004). People v Whittaker: the trial and its aftermath in California. Journal of Physician Assistant Education, 19(2), 44-51.
Our military heritage: The physician assistant profession
Condit, D. (1993). Our military heritage: The physician assistant profession. Physician Assistant, 17(11), 58-67.
PA profession in review: A founder's perspective
Stead, E.A. (1986). PA profession in review: A founder's perspective. Physician Assistant, 10(1), 12-22.
Physician assistant education: an abbreviated history
Cawley, J.F. (2007). Physician assistant education: an abbreviated history. Journal of Physician Assistant Education, 18(3), 6-15.